Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Cultural Assessment of the U.S. Navy Essay -- essays research papers

Statement of purpose      The US Navy has established its self with being an association that will prepare and actuate talented battle maritime work force. The official statement of purpose removed their site states, â€Å"The strategic the Navy is to keep up, prepare and prepare battle prepared maritime powers fit for winning wars, preventing animosity and keeping up opportunity of the seas.† (http://www.navy.com) The Navy additionally highly esteems the audacious soul it takes to leave on a vocation in the naval force. The trademark utilized in getting newcomers is â€Å"Accelerate your lifeâ€Å". These announcements propose that the Navy isn't just clear in its motivation and structure, yet in addition committed to its end. The lucidity of its strategic found in the broad preparing that enlisted people get in training camp and the psychological center guided by their bosses to concentrate on the statement of purpose. In enlistment, the Navy looks for youngsters and ladies, frequently impeded with school and employments that to an eighteen or multi year old is by all accounts exhausting and moderate paced. Workplace      The naval force workspace is most ordinarily out on the ocean, on a boat, or in a submarine. Some portion of the Navy’s strategic to keep up opportunity of the oceans, in this way the ocean is their work environment. The plan of a significant number of these vessels doesn't take into account colossal measures of room or access to the outside world. A boat in the sea is choking of a person’s portability. Along these lines the perfect is to work as a team and to fill in as a unit so as to achieve the objective. The restricted living arrangements underline interfacing with your individual shipmates. Utilization of Slogans      "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of All Who Threaten It" is at present the motto for the United States Navy. The motto was intended to communicate the Navy's center crucial anticipating power all inclusive to ensure and guard America. Moreover, it has become a focal point of direction, pride and unwaveringness about going to bat for your nation and what it speaks to. Past trademarks expected to catch the genuine significance and soul of the Navy were "Sailors Have More Fun," "Go Navy," "Fly Navy," "Join the Navy and see the World," "You and the Navy, Full Speed Ahead,† â€Å"It’s Not only an occupation. It's an Adventure!" and "Accelerate Your Life." (â€Å"Life, Liberty,† 2004). Procedures and ... ...p;    Retrieved September 11, 2004 from      http://www.military.com/NewContent/0,13190,080204_Navy,00.html?ESRC=vy Naval force (n.d.). Secure Your Future: Family Security Retrieved September 9, 2004, from      http://www.navy.com/secureyourfuture/familysecurity Official blue blessed messengers site. (n.d.). Recovered September 11, 2004 from      http://www.blueangels.navy.mil/flashindex.html Phillpot, T. (2004) Military Update. Star and Stripes Recovered September 9, 2004, from http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?section=104&article=24305 Shalikashvili, J.M. (n.d.). Shape, Respond, Prepare Now - A Military Strategy for a New Era. National Military Strategy. Recovered September 14, 2004, from http://www.dtic.mil/jcs/nms/index.html#Top Status of the Navy. (2004, September). The US Navy: Around the World, Around the      Clock. Recovered September 10, 2004 from http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/     news/.www/status.html Stevens, P. (2001). Give them a feeling of pride, and they'll remain. Procedures. US Naval Institute, 127(7), 112.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Hawthorne Writing Style :: essays papers

Hawthorne Writing Style Nathaniel Hawthorne was an unmistakable early American Author who contributed incredibly to the development of present day American writing. A New England local, Hawthorne was conceived in Salem, Massachusetts on July 4, 1804 and kicked the bucket on May 19, 1864 in New Hampshire. A devoted sailor, Hawthorne^s father kicked the bucket in 1808 when Nathaniel Hawthorne was just a little youngster. After his father^s passing, Hawthorne demonstrated a sharp enthusiasm for his father^s overall nautical undertakings and regularly read the logbooks his dad had gathered from cruising abroad. Hawthorne was a relative of a long queue of New England Puritans, which started his enthusiasm for the Puritan lifestyle. After he moved on from Bowdoin College in 1825, Hawthorne came back to his home in Salem were he started to write in semi-isolation. Hawthorne distributed his first novel, Fanshawe in 1828. In 1839, Hawthorne was designated weigher and gauger at the Boston Custom House. He later wedded Sophia Amelia Peabody in 1842. In the next years, Hawthorne composed his more acclaimed books which formed his own artistic style, just as the types of the romance book and short story. In the long run, Hawthorne built up a style of sentiment fiction illustrative of his own convictions. Despite the fact that Nathaniel Hawthorne^s composing style was frequently seen as obsolete when contrasted with current writing, Hawthorne passed on current topics of brain science and human instinct through his cunning utilization of moral story and imagery. In any case, Hawthorne^s style was typical for an essayist of the nineteenth century. During the time period in which Hawthorne composed, printing innovation was not yet propelled enough to effortlessly imitate photos in books. Accordingly, Hawthorne much of the time composed long visual portrayals since his crowd had no different way to see the setting of the novel. (Magill:1 840). One case of such depictions was in The Scarlet Letter when Hawthorne complicatedly portrays the jail entryway and its environmental factors. Another part of Hawthorne^s composing which was selective to his time period was the utilization of formal discourse which remained genuinely steady from character to character (Magill:2 140). Such exaggerated discourse was clear in The Scarlet Letter when the exchange of Pearl, a youthful youngster, displayed no distinction from the exchange of the other characters in the novel. Hawthorne received the utilization of excessively formal discourse mostly from a British author, Sir Walter Scott, whose works were famous in the United States and Great Britain (Magill:1 841). Despite the fact that Hawthorne^s exchange was excessively formal, it was a precise device in portraying human feeling (Gale). Nonappearance of character showdown was another part of Hawthorne^s artistic style.

Monday, August 3, 2020

MSc In Project Management Paper 1 Example

MSc In Project Management Paper 1 Example MSc In Project Management: Paper 1 â€" Essay Example > Executive SummaryThe right service providers are always needed for any project to meet the required target. Arabtech Company needs qualified contractors to ensure that the projects to be carried succeed. Competency plays a greater role in determining the project outcome. In that connection, following the right channel in obtaining the right contractor has to be duly followed. This is the fundamental aspect that guarantees better results. The paper looks at the various projects that need to be carried out within the company and the suppliers chosen by the company to provide the necessary requirements. Comprehensive procedures to be followed in selecting the best service providers are clearly illustrated. The projects include: Supply of building materials, Internet installation in the offices, Purchase of computers, Purchase of staff uniforms, Office repair and maintenance. In fulfilling the project requirements, the description/nature of the project is put into consideration. The b est supplier of the service is carefully identified. The duration of the project is determined giving details on when the specific tasks are to be accomplished. Financial capability is also a crucial aspect that has to be taken into consideration in the paper. It determines the quality of service to be received. Arabtech Company is capable of financing quality projects. In that connection, the service providers need to be well equipped in terms of quality service provision. Technical capability has also been highlighted in the paper as one of the major considerations. Due to the advancement in technology, the providers need to be well versed with the current technology. The best service provider has to fulfill the required expectations in all aspects. IntroductionIn order for any project to succeed, Arabtech limited will need to work with the right team. This will include the right contractor or supplier. The outcome of the project will be determined by the competence of the suppl ier or contractor to handle the project. The quality of the project will also determine the cost. In most cases when the contractor or supplier does a sub-standard job then the cost of the project will increase. This is due to the fact that frequent repairs and maintenance will be required. It is therefore advisable to use the best channel and procedures when selecting a contractor or a supplier. According to CHP Procurement Guide (2010), this forms the basis of the entire project and will determine its success or failure. Selection of a poorly qualified contractor will automatically lead to the failure of the project. This may lead to huge losses and penalties to a company. The essay will discuss the necessary procedures to be followed when selecting a contractor. The paper will provide a critical analysis of procedures and the essential requisites of a contractor and a comprehensive process involved in arriving at the most qualified contractor for a task to be undertaken (Mosey, 2009). According to ISO 2000 documents, before choosing a supplier factors to be considered includes; the quality of goods, cost, ability to supply, payment methods, delivery date and the relationship with the company.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Benefits Of A Living Wage - 1781 Words

In order to achieve a more equal society those in the position of the least well off must have their standard of living improved. The inclusion of a living wage in our society would greatly benefit those in that position who are stricken by poverty. I will argue in favour of a living wage for those who would benefit most from it, the marginalized. The living wage project seeks to promote business’s paying their employees a living wage rather than a minimum wage in the hopes of giving families a decent standard of living. For Regina Saskatchewan the living wage for a family of four is projected to be $16.46 an hour for each parent. This allows for a family to participate in various recreational and community activities while keeping a modest amount of money for emergencies but doesn’t allow them to save for things like university education or retirement. (Gingrich, Banks, Enoch, 2014, p. 5-7) A living wage not only provides a solution to families living in poverty but r elieves many stresses associated with financial worries. Parents with more money could then take care of their family better as having more stable finances means a family can afford to eat more nutritious foods and afford medicine resulting in fewer days spent away from work due to illness (Gingrich, Banks, Enoch, 2014, p. 9-10). This then benefits employers as their employees are not only happier but healthier as well, this also improves employee loyalty while making the company or brand look better. InShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Living Wage1974 Words   |  8 PagesINTRODUCTION: The living wage is based on the amount an individual needs to earn to cover the basic costs of living. Living costs changes from place to place in country so there is different living wage rate for London and rest of the country. Living wage is administered and promoted by the Living wage foundation. Politicians has given its widespread support but limited endorsement is been given by employers. The particular amount that must be earned per hour to meet these needs varies dependingRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Minimum Wage Should be increased to a Living Wage. Back in 1998 Labour s’ Tony Blair introduced the national minimum wage (NMW). It was created in aid of employers not valuing their workforce, often giving them very little wages. When it was first introduced the rate was set at  £3.60 and has slowly risen to  £6.70. However this is not enough to live on. It has been estimated that you need no less than  £7.85 an hour, rising to  £9.15 in London, to survive on. There is a clear differenceRead MoreThe True Effects Of A Living Wage1714 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of a Living Wage Dylan Gallagher 8136645 Word Count: 1906 Introduction It has been 20 years since the first living wage was introduced in Baltimore, Maryland. Long has it been argued that profitable organizations should have to pay a living wage to its employees. A wage sufficient enough to allow the employee to have a high enough standard of living to adequately take care of their family. The gap between social statuses is increasing even more, and having a living wage in placeRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage: A Counter-Intuitive Solution Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesWhile some believe that raising the minimum wage will resolve poverty issues and lack of pay with the signing of legislation, the raising of the minimum wage to $10.10 an hour (as advocated by President Obama and the Democrats) would cause the poverty issue to be worse than it already is; inflation would occur, employees would be laid off, and minimum wage employees would lose welfare benefits, thus offsetting the wage increase. The Government should consider the effects on the American economy asRead MoreThe Death Of Horatio Alger1652 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause wealth grows faster than the economy according to Thomas Piketty, and people are not able to move up through economic classes according to Paul Krugman. Economic inequality is a problem that can be overcome with raise the minimum wage, expand welfare benefits, and provide higher education. In his TED talk, Piketty forms a simple formula explaining the economic inequality, which is r g. This means the return on capital is higher than the economic growth. In The Death of Horatio Alger, KrugmanRead MoreProviding A Living Wage At America Versus Minimum Wage957 Words   |  4 PagesProviding a Living Wage in America versus Minimum Wage Minimum wage is the standard amount the government sets as the lowest an employer can pay an individual per hour. A low minimum wage can be unsustainable if it does not meet the cost of living also known as a living wage. Living wages should not only apply to employees of companies who are engaged in business with businesses or government agencies of that area, but it (living wages) should be made into law, that all business must provide aRead MoreIs A Living Wage? And How Does It Impact On Employee Motivation And Business? Essay1042 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction What is a living wage? And how does it impact on employee motivation and business. It is easy to confuse a living wage with minimum wage which is set by law. Some people work to live and others live to work. Living Wage Aotearoa New Zealand launched a campaign in 2012 in Auckland and Wellington where supporting organisations collectively agreed that a living wage is the income employees and their families need for provision of the basic necessities of life. A living wage enables employeesRead MoreEffects of Increasing Minimum Wage Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of having a federal minimum wage is a good one. The idea is to protect low and unskilled workers from discrimination and allow all workers to earn a living wage. The recent debate on the floor, though, is whether or not to raise the minimum wage from the current $7.25 per hour up to $10.10 per hour. President Barack Obama made this proposal during his annual State of the Union Address on January 28, and following this there were many hot debates about it. The debates focused not only onRead MoreMinimum Wage and Poverty 1171 Words   |  5 Pagesby millions in America. Many American citizens, specifically the children are not only living in poverty, but they are living below the poverty line due to low minimum wage (Gidfar). A child living in poverty can face serious problems in the future. Reducing poverty should not be charity work. As citizens of the world it should be a social responsibility to find a way in which poverty can no longer be a living status, especially for a developed country like America. It is one of the top countriesRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1225 Words   |  5 Pages Study shows that wage increases do lower poverty, by 2.4% if wage at $8.00, consistent with other studies. (Washington Post/ Arin Dube) 1. Raising the federal minimum wage doesn’t cause substantial unemployment as most economists agree, including over 600 economists who wrote a letter to Congress urging a wage increase, and the Economic Policy Institute. A. Identify shortcomings of the opposition (fallacies they make, or weaknesses in the evidence they use) 1. Arin Dube’s study would be great,

Monday, May 11, 2020

Questions On E Commerce Trends - 2354 Words

E-Commerce Trend: Three signs you have outgrown your accounting system Growth and expansion is an exciting part of any business venture, but having the wrong tools, software, or systems can cause headaches. Updating your accounting system from low-end software to a fully integrated system is essential to removing those headaches. It is more than just a luxury for your growing business: it is a fundamental tool that will save you time and money, while reducing frustration. How do you know when it is time? New growth means knowing when to trade in your small business accounting system for a fully integrated system that encompasses and integrates all aspects of your business. While your current software may have served you well at the outset,†¦show more content†¦If you are entering data more than twice into multiple systems, you are wasting time. A new comprehensive software system will allow you to enter all that data in one place, and allow you to view data from all other mo dules; drastically eliminating wasted time spent digging through multiple solutions to find the answers you need. A single system is necessary to save you that time and money. The issues to consider include: Managing GL on the backend, while managing sales orders and inventory systems for every single order processed High probability that data entry mistakes will be made Excess time will be spent managing multiple systems Closing up the books The third sign, revealing your need for an integrated system, involves the time required to close your books at the end of each period. With a low-end accounting system, the following issues arise: From a user s perspective, it could take several weeks to close everything and ensure the report is balanced. Gathering data from a variety of sources and applications adds delays and introduces potential errors into the data. Getting an overall picture is onlyShow MoreRelatedThe Advantages of Mobile Commerce Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is M -commerce? The last decade has witnessed a lot of growth of mobile communication devices and wireless technologies across the globe. This has led to a change in the way many activities are conducted and opened the way for m-commerce, which is e-commerces next evolutionary stage. The significant power of m-commerce is primarily as a result of the ability to connect wireless devices anytime, anywhere (The Future of Mobile Payment Systems : Rise of the Mobile Wallet 2012-2017 [ElectronicRead MoreHow Has E Commerce Changed The Way The World Operates?1407 Words   |  6 PagesStrickler WRTC 100 Research Paper December 2, 2015 How has E-Commerce changed the way the world operates? Electronic commerce (E-Commerce) is a term for the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer networks, including the Internet. Today, people frequently buy or exchange goods and services internationally; the barrier between countries has been removed. It is true that E-commerce makes people’s lives more convenient; however, it has alsoRead MoreDespite Selling Hundreds Of Products On Amazon Or Any Other1304 Words   |  6 Pagesany other e-commerce platform, I still have a new question during every transaction. You can never have it all figured out. There is endless competition, a variety of customers with high expectations and multiple procedures to follow. With infinite factors dictating your listing, how do you come up with a unique e-commerce niche, deliver products on time and generate profit? Here are 8 strategies that personally helped me grow my e-commerce business: 1.Identify the need for an e-commerce businessRead MoreThe Affect of the Internet on Jordans Economy1714 Words   |  7 Pagesevent in the history of information and communications technology (Chircu et al, 2000). The internet has already fundamentally changed the way many organizations think about and perform their work. The last few years have shown us the revolution of e-commerce in all over the world; so many organizations take this opportunity in our dynamic environment and adapt themselves in order to take the benefits of this new business model. To improve profits and achieve strategic sustainability in a rapidly changingRead MoreAssessing The 5 Pillars Of Seo Into Actionable Strategies1385 Words   |  6 Pagesof how to take marketing ideas and produce profitable and successful conversions while increasing online visibility. After all, SEO has many parallels with other marketing strategies you are probably already employing. Many are based in market trends, best practices and industry research. Creating SEO campaigns and initiating them can be a surprisingly difficult implementation. Yes, you need to do keyword research, and create compelling content while appealing to your demographic. Not to mentionRead MoreThe Impact of Culture on Consumer Behavior1788 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumption trends. The consumer market trends are chaining in emerging markets. China and Middle East are one of the major emerging markets where the residents have extensive buying power and income on their disposal. Large organizations are following growth trends in these markets and it is also a significant development. The consumers of United Arab Emirate and United Kingdom are compared in terms of general cultural differences, impact of cultures on consumption and buying trends. FurthermoreRead MoreSecurity and Payment Issues Faced by e-commerce Business in the Hospitality Industry978 Words   |  4 Pagesviolations and cyber-attacks to e-commerce systems especially in the hospitality industry. â€Å"In 2011, Trustwave SpiderLabs conducted 42 percent more data breach investigations than in the previous year. More than 85 percent of these data breaches occurred in the food and beverage, retail and hospitality industries.† (Savitz Percoco, 2012). It seems logical that any business would understand that building a secure business is important to long term success. (Vacca, 2012). E-commerce as a catalyst has ledRead MoreThe Five Pillars Of Seo1430 Words   |  6 Pagesmost important pillar as it impacts all aspects of SEO. After all, SEO has many parallels with other marketing strategies you probably already employ, such as content marketing, social media, or PR. Many of these strategies are based on market trends, best practices, and industry research. Creating SEO campaigns and implementing them can be surprisingly difficult. You need to do keyword research, craft compelling content that appeals to your audience, and build a diversified backlink portfolioRead MoreCase Study : A Customer Centric Company Essay1700 Words   |  7 PagesA Customer-Centric Company Amazon.com Incorporated is company whose retail business is done exclusively online, formally known as electronic commerce or e-commerce. It was the book category that first caught the attention of founder Jeff Bezos, who realized that a Web store could offer more book inventory than an actual shop could offer (Cuneo, 2000). The idea was born and Amazon, a customer-centric company was created. Customer-centric is an approach that allows businesses to drive profitsRead MoreQuestions on Operations Management1661 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribed, along with operations decisions that are made. The differences between manufacturing and services are described. The history and current trends of operations management are discussed, including the impact of information systems. Finally, the interaction between operations and other business functions are described. Answers to Discussion Questions in Textbook 1. Define the term operations management. Operations management manages the resources needed to produce the company’s products

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

E-Business-Issues and Challenges Free Essays

E-Business – Issues and Challenges Ashmita Paul Abstract In today’s business climate, e-business can have an impact on every facet of the organization, including supply chain management, leasing, non-cash payment, mail order commerce or the rise of service economy. As said by Lou Gerstner, ex CEO of IBM, â€Å"E-business is all about time cycle, speed, globalization, enhanced productivity, reaching new customers and sharing knowledge across institutions for competitive advantage†. E-business is transforming companies and industries, at an accelerating rate. We will write a custom essay sample on E-Business-Issues and Challenges or any similar topic only for you Order Now Business cycles that used to be measured in years are now measured in days. This paper deals with the various issues of e-business as well as the challenges being faced. Issues can be technological and non-technological. Technological issues investigated include telecommunication, hardware, software and the availability of technical skill sets. Non-technological issues are often related to intellectual property concerns, copyright, trademark, credit/cash policies and privacy. As companies have embraced the internet as a business medium, they have discovered that their biggest challenge is not only establishing connectivity and infrastructure but is the safe and secure transmission and sensitive information. This paper focussed on emerging issues of e-business that are more high-up and stern in developing and emerging economies. An attempt has also been made in the paper to throw light on the challenges to e-business that are more related to strengthening success factors, establishing barriers to failure, diminishing barriers to success and fighting the failure factors. Key words: E-Business, Technological, Non-Technological, Challenges. How to cite E-Business-Issues and Challenges, Papers

Thursday, April 30, 2020

Philadelphia Museum of Art free essay sample

The Philadelphia Museum of Art. It is located at the west end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia Fairmont Park. It is one of the most outstanding and largest museums of Art in United States. It was founded in 1876 in conjunction with the Centennial Exposition. This museum is basically formed and grew out of the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London.Originally, this museum was a collection of the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art. Collectively, this is now known as the The Art Museum. The museum is about 21 years old, and it first opened its doors to the public of the United States back in 1877. For the most part of the century, it is known that the Inclemency family held very special and important relationship with the museum. The head of the family, Henry P.McMullen was the first curator from 1939 0 1964 and then he sat as the chairman of the board in 1976 until his deal in 1986. We will write a custom essay sample on Philadelphia Museum of Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Upon his death, he left most of his real estate to the museum. Each year the museum has plans of putting on close to 20 special exhibitions and is on a average visited by 800,000 people world wide. When I went there this past keen to visit my boyfriend, the museum was exhibiting Toastmistresses, the Arts in Lain America between 1492-1820.It is drawn from the public and private collections throughout the Americas and the Europe. Some of the other larger, yet more famous special exhibitions that have attracted hundreds of thousands of people from every state and around the world include shows featuring Paul Cezanne and Salvador Dali. The Museum is particularly and world wide known for its well known collection of the Pennsylvania German art of the 18th century and the 19th century furniture and silver created by the Philadelphia craftsmen.

Saturday, March 21, 2020

Philosophy Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Dialogues Of Plato

Philosophy Essays - Ancient Greek Philosophers, Dialogues Of Plato Philosophy When I was born, I did not know the difference between right and wrong. Now, I do. The word philosophy means the love of knowledge. One type of knowledge is propter quid, which ask the question why or how. In this paper, I will demonstrate how Socrates, Hume and Aristotle, three well known philosophers, would explain how I acquired this knowledge in relation to the principles of right and wrong. Socrates is the first philosopher, I will discuss. Since Socrates did not write anything down, Socrates thinking is told through his student, Plato, who wrote his teachers? thoughts. Socrates is an idealist who believes that things are in born. Therefor he believed that before we are born our soul knows everything, but when we are born our mind is a tabular rasa (blank slate). As we grow day by day, we recollect the knowledge from our soul. ? the soul, that is, the human mind, before it is united with the body, is aquatinted with the intelligible world or the world of Forms. In this prior existence, the true knowledge. After its union with a human body, a person?s mind contains its knowledge deep in its memory. True knowledge in this world consists of remembering, in reminiscence or recollection. What the mind or soul once knew is raised to present awareness by a process of recollection aided by the technique of dialect or the Socratic method. (Stumpf 260) This is known as the theory of recollection. The theory of recollection is told through Plato in the Phaedo and the Meno. In the theory of recollection "Socrates? answer to the paradox is that knowledge is recollection. This thesis allows a man to have ideas of which he later becomes conscious by recollection; thereby overcoming the sharp division between not-knowing and knowing, and justifying inquiry." (Sternfeld, 35) Socrates states in the Meno " A man cannot inquire about what he knows, because he knows it, and in that case he is in no need of inquiry, nor again can he inquire about what he does not know, since he does not know what he is to inquire." (Plato 80E) This theory of recollection may explain why we often say that we had certain knowledge before we leaned it or heard it for the first time. It is often said that we are born with concepts and it is these concepts that structure our minds, beliefs, and actions. "In his dialogue entitled the Meno, Plato illustrates how Socrates is able to show that even a young uneducated slave boy knows some truths of geometry not because somebody taught him that subject but because be naturally knows the relationship of various ideas to each other." (Stumpf 260) This quote illustrates how Socrates thought that the uneducated boy knew geometry. He recollected it from his soul. In the Meno, Socrates states that the boy is "recovering by oneself knowledge within oneself." (Plato 85D) Knowledge in the Meno is perceived as having an acquaintance with the object, but not knowing how it functions. Socrates states here that true knowledge is that is learned. Once learned, we remember that knowledge and apply it when needed. This can be done through recollection or memory. As an occasion arises that requires the use of this knowledge, we can use the abilities of our mind and recollect the knowledge for the circumstance. I interpret Socrates to mean that I was born with a knowledge of right and wrong, but I needed to experience situations where I needed to recall this knowledge. He makes reference to the initial knowledge being in the soul. Hume is the second philosopher I will discuss. Hume?s beliefs are different from Socrates. Hume believes that we were born knowing nothing, and everything is learned. He feels that as we grow, we learn the difference between right and wrong from our experiences. The present comes from the senses and the past is in our memory. Hume shows how knowledge begins form the experiences we encounter through our five senses. It is said of Hume "?it is the use he makes of the principle or the association of ideas, which enters into most of his philosophy. The principle of association

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

Explanation of Noun Clauses in English

Explanation of Noun Clauses in English Noun clauses are clauses that function as nouns. Remember that clauses can be either dependent or independent. Noun clauses, like nouns, can be used as either subjects or objects. Noun clauses are therefore dependent clauses and as subject or object cannot stand alone as a sentence. Nouns Are Subjects or Objects Baseball is an interesting sport. Noun: Baseball subjectTom would like to buy that book. Noun: Book object Noun Clauses Are Subjects or Objects I like what he said. Noun clause: ... what he said objectWhat he bought was awful: Noun clause: What he bought ... subject Noun Clauses Can Also Be an Object of a Preposition Im not looking for what he likes. Noun clause: ... what he likes object of preposition forWe decided to look into how much it costs. Noun clause: ... how much it costs objects of preposition into Noun Clauses as Complements Noun clauses can play the role of a subject complement. Subject complements provide a further description,\ or clarification of a subject. Harrys problem was that he couldnt make a decision.Noun clause: ... that he couldnt make a decision. subject complement of problem describing what the problem was The uncertainty is whether he will attend or not.Noun clause: ... whether he will attend or not. subject complement of uncertainty describing what is uncertain Noun clauses can play the role of an adjective complement. Adjective complements often provide a reason why someone or something is a certain way. In other words, adjective compliments provide additional clarification to an adjective. I was upset that she couldnt come.Noun clause: ... that she couldnt come adjective complement explaining why I was upset Jennifer seemed angry that he refused to help her.Noun clause: ... that he refused to help her. adjective complement explaining why Jennifer seemed angry Noun Clause Markers Markers are what introduce noun clauses. These markers include: that if, whether (for yes / no questions) Question words (how, what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why) Ever words beginning with wh(however, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, whoever, whomever) Examples: I didnt know that he was coming to the party. Could you tell me whether she can help us. The question is how to finish on time. Im sure I will enjoy whatever you cook for dinner. Noun Clauses Used with Common Phrases Noun clauses beginning with question words or if/whether are often used with common phrases such as: I dont know ... I cant remember ... Please tell me ... Do you know ... This use of noun clauses is also known as indirect questions. In indirect questions, we use a phrase to introduce a question with a short phrase and turn the question into a noun clause in statement order. When will he return? Noun clause / indirect question: I dont know when he will return. Where are we going? Noun clause / indirect question: I cant remember where we are going. What time is it? Noun clause / indirect question: Please tell me what time it is. When does the plan arrive? Noun clause / indirect question: Do you know when the plane arrives? Yes / No Questions Yes / no questions can be expressed as noun clauses using if/whether: Are you coming to the party? Noun clause / indirect question: I dont know if you are coming to the party. Is it expensive? Noun clause / indirect question: Please tell me whether it is expensive. Have they lived there long? Noun clause / indirect question: Im not sure if they have lived there long. Special Case of That The noun marker that which introduces noun clauses is the only marker that can be dropped. This is only true if that is used to introduce a noun clause in the middle or at the end of the sentence. Tim didnt know that she was available. OR Tim didnt know she was available.

Monday, February 17, 2020

Historical Documentary of Civil War Movie Review

Historical Documentary of Civil War - Movie Review Example The films show the war in different manners and applying different methods, and it is rather interesting to compare some of them. The aim of this paper is to compare such memorable documentaries about the Civil War as The Civil War of Ken Burns, Gettysburg Stories of Valor - CIVIL WAR MINUTESTM III by Keith Carradine and The Last Days of the Civil War. The paper will compare and contrast these films and show the importance of the documentaries for our understanding of American history and its main features, characters and events, as well as explain and evaluate how they are useful and not useful in their representation of history through television. 2. The Civil War of Ken Burns is a significant example of historical documentary. The filmmakers showed the Civil War with photos, voices of people who lived through the war and informative narration that helped spectators to feel the sense of epoch and time. In addition to that, Ken Burns "often gives life to still photographs by slowly zooming-in on subjects of interest and panning from one subject to another" (Ken Burns, From Wikipedia). This effect gives spectators a good opportunity to trace the main features of the film objects and events. The film consists of nine episodes and also includes about sixteen thousand photos, images, newspaper paintings, anecdotes and insights of different historians. It covers the period from the beginning of the war with the explanations of its causes till the end of the Civil War in 1865. Ken Burns underlined that "It was something that also became a kind of 'emotional archaeology,' trying to unearth the very heart of the American experience" ( Why I decided to make The Civil War). The film photos, as well as the narration give a good notion of the Civil War events and characters - so, the film is rather useful in its representation of the Civil war and American history in general. While watching the film, people can get a vivid understanding of real war characters and events - it is very important for those who are interested in American history. Such documentaries have in general very positive significance - they develop young people's historical knowledge and induce them to be proud of their country and their heroes, and television can play one of the main roles in this process. The Ken Burns' film The Civil War proves this statement - people have an opportunity to understand the historical process, find appropriate parallels with contemporary history events and analyze the events from the historical point of view. Television is a great instrument for people's education (especially for youth), and such documentaries whe re real pictures and impressions of real people are clearly shown can promote our interest for history. Documentary films (such as Ken Burns' The Civil War) can give an evident picture of the Civil War, and from this point of view documentary films differ from historical books. In addition to that, television and media technology play growing role in our understanding of historical and as follows world problems and

Monday, February 3, 2020

Unit 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4 - Assignment Example On the contrary, Muslims oppose the notion that Jesus is God’s Son, notwithstanding, they believe that they honor Him more than even those in the Christian faith. Accordingly, Jesus Christ forms the basis of discussion in terms of similarities and dissimilarities between Christianity and the Islam faith. Christians and Muslims do believe that Jesus Christ was a messenger sent from God. The Qur’an acknowledges that Jesus was born of Virgin Mary and was sent to be a Messenger among messengers who had ceased to be in existence (Qur’an 5:75). On the other hand, the Bible speaks of God choosing Mary to bear the pregnancy of Jesus Christ. Accordingly, God sends the Angel Gabriel to go and inform Mary of the expected child born of the Spirit. The conditions under which Mary conceived Jesus are considered to be miraculous in both religions. For instance, the Qur’an says that Angel Gabriel introduced himself as a Messenger of Allah to give her news of the gift of a son. (Qur’an 19:16). On the other hand, the Bible supports these sentiments on a Christian view through the Book of Look chapter one verse twenty-six (Sayre, 2011). Accordingly, Jesus’s main purpose as God’s Messenger was to convey God’s message to the people and perform miracles am ong other duties as stipulated in the Bible and the Qur’an. Despite Jesus Christ being a common denominator among Muslims and Christians, there is a certain predicament that both religions disagree over. On one hand, Christians believe that Christ is the Son of God, and on the contrary, Muslims refute this notion by claiming that: just like other Messengers from Allah, Jesus Christ was a Prophet. Sayre (2011) states that Christians confine their divinity to Jesus Christ through worshipping Him and according him the title as the â€Å"Messiah† to mean, their Savior sent from God. In contrast, the Muslim faith believes in the miraculous existence of

Sunday, January 26, 2020

Reflection | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG)

Reflection | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) This reflective essay describes my experience in achieving my learning outcomes pertaining to care of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), giving feed through PEG and administration of medicines through PEG that I have taken as part of the Overseas Nurse Program. It flows as a reflective practise as it incorporates the concept of learning. According to Bolton (2010) reflective practise involves utilising practical values and theories which influence everyday actions, by examining contemplatively and unreceptively geared towards developmental insight. Therefore, experience only does not lead to learning but deliberate reflection on the experience is essential. Consequently, to further discourse my understanding and involvement with this concept, I have adapted on a certain framework of reflection. I have chosen David Schon’s Model of Reflective Practise to reflect on my experience. I directed this framework on my experience because it enables me to recapture the events in a manner where learning occurs during the process of experiencing handling patients with PEG, gaining insights from them with the application of the theories and concepts I know and building new perspectives and understanding of doing things in relation to PEG. Schon’s model (1983) is focused on two major concepts, reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action. In the reflection-in action activity, reflection happens while in the act of doing the task (cited by Killion and Todnem, 1991). Reflecting-in-action requires me to think on my feet, be able to work instinctively by drawing on similar experiences to solve problems or make necessary decisions. It invol ved looking to my experiences, connecting with my feelings, and attending to the theories and principles in use. It entailed building new understandings to inform my actions in the situations that were unfolding. Whereas in reflection-on-action, it requires looking back on what one has accomplished and reviewing the actions, thoughts, and product (cited by Killion and Todnem, 1991). As I am working in the medical unit, I was assigned together with my mentor in one of the patients in the unit who has percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) surgically clasped on her abdominal area. As we entered the room to do PEG care, specifically changing the PEG dressing on a new one I was confronted with a different practise from what I used to do back in my home country. She told me that in United Kingdom normal saline is used to cleanse the PEG site instead of antiseptic solution. And now this is where the reflection-in-action came into play. Instead of insisting what I think was the best practise for me (using antiseptic solution for disinfection), I stood up and followed what my mentor told me believing that what she knows is within the standard of practice within United Kingdom. When I tried to engage myself in performing changing the PEG dressing, I tried to think on my feet and did the principle of disinfection using normal saline. I needed to reflect to ensure that this will not happen again. In another incident where reflection-in-action occurred that became my second learning outcome happened when we have to give a feed through PEG. All the while I was expecting an asepto syringe to be used to deliver the feed to the patient but to my surprise my mentor got this special set attached on what she called a Kangaroo pump to deliver the feed at a desired rate and paced time (at that time for 12 hours). It was my first time to encounter this method of administering a PEG feed to a patient. What I did was to stand back and observe how my mentor did all the attachments from the Kangaroo pump up to the PEG tube, but rather than just standing I offered my mentor if she can supervise me on how to enter the transcript (total volume, rate and running hours) on the pump which she gladly did to me. I was really surprised with the whole process and needed a reflection to establish my competence with this new process of giving PEG feed to patients. In the last incident that happened that became my third learning outcome transpired during administering medicines via PEG. I was caught off guard with regards to the preparation of medicines to be given to the same patient who got a PEG. We are giving an Aspirin dose for this patient and all we’ve got in the medicines cupboard is an enteric-coated form of this medication. Knowing that enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed when administered, I immediately asked my mentor if we can request to the pharmacy an effervescent form of Aspirin. And that’s where reflection-in-action occurred wherein I have to think of a solution on how not to breach the standards of safe medicines administration in the United Kingdom. Instead of crushing and giving it to the patient, I asked my mentor about an alternative solution to address our needs for the medicines administration. In that way I was able to think on my feet and learned something out of the experience. According to Schon’s model what I felt when those incidents happened was part of the learning process. Schon (1983) gives further information that the practitioner allows himself to be surprised, puzzle or confused in a certain situation which is unique or uncertain to him. He reflects on the event before him, and on the prior considerations which have been imbedded in his attitude. He conducts an experiment which allows him to formulate both a new understanding of the situation and a change in the situation. After all the incidents that transpired during my clinical placement in relation to my three learning outcomes, I have done a reflection-on-action in every learning outcome that I have identified. I made researches on them and took my time to recall the series of events that transpired and based the lapses I made on evidences I have come across during my reflection process. In this way, reflection-on-action was evident. On the first learning outcome, I have observed a different practise back in my home country cleansing the PEG site. We use chlorhexidine in cleansing the PEG site instead of just plain normal saline but after finding evidences about which is safe and efficient in usage, I was fully convinced that normal saline has a better concept ground than chlorhexidine. Sibbald et al (2000) emphasises that although chlorhexidine has been identified as less harmful to tissues and have effective antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria causes damage to new tissues and should not come close to meninges and mucous membranes for it will cause permanent damage. This concept is applicable with my patient as there is an open mucous membrane where the PEG was inserted and exposure to chlorhexidine would increase the risk of microbial invasion and growth, which may precede to sepsis. Furthermore, the work of Sibbald was strengthened by Edmonds et al (2004a) and Jacobson that physiological saline is a widely recommended in irrigating and wound dressing solution since it is found to be compatible with human tissue. Thus, the practice of using normal saline in cleansing the PEG site was evidence-based practice and I have fully get an excellent grasp of why normal saline is used for PEG care. In this way, I am ensuring patient safety and embracing better understanding of evidence-based practise. On the second learning outcome, I have also witnessed a different way of giving PEG feed to our patients in our home country. We have bolus tube feeding rather than continuous tube feeding using a Kangaroo pump. Aside from observing each time a PEG feed will be given to the patient during my clinical placement, I also did researches on the efficacy of continuous feeding via pump and differences of using a pump from bolus feeding. I have done this in order to develop my competency in using the Kangaroo pump and giving continuous PEG feed to patients. Abbott Laboratories NZ Ltd (2011) gives further information that pumps continue to use microprocessors that allow the delivery of controlled enteral feeding. Its array of flow rate selection gives incremental increases in delivery which is very essential in critical care settings where low infusion rates are vital in maintaining the integrity of the gut and where maximising the feeding volume are fairly balanced. On the contrary, Bankhead et (2009) matched that gravity feeding is considered as the first-line delivery of enteral feeding in some countries but the Dieticians Association of Australia (2011) slashed the idea of Bankhead et al and proved that the usage of enteral feed pumps is now known as the most accurate way of enteral feeding provision across all healthcare settings and patients. Also, I have found out that using Kangaroo pumps instead of asepto syringe in delivering feed to patients lessen complications associated with giving feed to patients via abdominal ostomy tube. Niv et al (2009) found out that established benefits have been shown to prevent aspiration in critically ill patients. Furthermore, the jejunum produces fluid in conjunction to hyperosmolar solutions, and rapid delivery of a hyperosmolar formula will lead in hyperperisitalsis, diarrhoea and abdominal distention. Thus, a more controlled delivery to the intestine via continuous pump infusions can lessen or prevent these symptoms. On my third learning outcome, medicines administration via PEG has many aspects but the one that got me on my feet was about my competency in giving the right drug, specifically its form and preparation. According to Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) ‘As a Registered Nurse or Midwife you are accountable for your actions and omissions. In administering medication you should think through issues and apply your professional expertise and judgment in the best interests of patients.’ As I have recalled what I did when the incident happened wherein I immediately asked my mentor if we can request to the pharmacy an effervescent form of Aspirin since enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed when administered, I considered the best interest of the patient. As a professional nurse I have a duty of care to my patients in ensuring their safety under the sphere of my care. I need to follow what is appropriate and right for the patient. Also, my mentor was able to practise with in the scope of her practise as she was able to directly supervise me in everything that I did with the patient. The Department of Health (2005) stressed that as a Registered Nurse you have a duty of care and are professionally and legally accountable for the care you provide. In line with the administration of the appropriate form of medications to be given to the patient, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) has developed protocols for medicine management on the area of tablet crushing. It stipulates in the policy that nurses should not crush any medicines or break capsules that are not specifically indicated for that purpose and by so will alter the chemical properties of the medicine. Thus, as I have reflected with what I and my mentor have done is fitting and legally right. The reflection-on-action that happened to me on the three learning outcomes gave me the opportunity to evaluate my competency and efficiency as an overseas nurse on adaptation program. Prior to my reflection, I have never realised how crucial it is to do PEG care, administering medicines through PEG and giving feed through PEG until I experienced the three incidents that changed of how I do and view things in the clinical field. According to Schon (1983) when a practitioner becomes aware of a situation he sees to be unique, he perceives it as something already found in his range. The familiar situation acts as a standard for the unfamiliar one. With regards to strengths and areas of development, I believe I was able to achieve a certain level of competency in carrying out procedures related to PEG. The learning outcomes I and my mentor identified have helped me to improve myself in terms of skills, knowledge and attitude. After the reflection process happened, I was able to build my confidence in performing procedures related to PEG. I also need to be at ease with operating the Kangaroo pump although I was able to familiarise myself with the process of hooking the PEG feed on the pump and setting the rate and dosing of the feed in the equipment. It was complicated at first but after the reflection process and supervision of my mentor, I was able to get through and learned operating the pump appropriately. Medication administration through PEG has provided me with new perspectives on how to establish a process in checking the medicines to be given and how critical thinking will help me in my decision-making and if I was able to observe the six rights of medication administration. As a future plan, I need to project competency, professionalism and efficiency in everything that I do be it with the patients or other allied healthcare workers who are part of the organization. It is essential for me to maintain the standards of my profession as it will mould me into a competent registered nurse of United Kingdom. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2010) highlighted that ‘All nurses must act first and foremost to care for and safeguard the public. They must practise autonomously and be responsible and accountable for safe, compassionate, person-centred, evidence-based nursing that respects and maintains dignity and human rights. They must show professionalism and integrity and work within recognised professional, ethical and legal frameworks.’ In a nutshell, reflective practice became the backbone of my learning outcomes in relation to PEG. It provided me with basis in which area needs to be improved and enhanced. Reflection-in-action and reflection-on-action are learning processes that guided me to evaluate my decisions before and after the incidents happened. These incidents gave birth to learning and turned to acquisition of new knowledge and concept that became an enriching experience for me.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Excellence Is Not an Accomplishment

Topic No. 1: Excellence is not an accomplishment. It is a spirit, a never-ending process. A very famous line by Lawrence M. Miller. In order to develop excellence as a leader we must be willing to acknowledge that developing it is not an accomplishment – it's a never-ending process. It's a process full of many awesome moments and many lonely days. It's fun and exciting one day and then the next day we wonder why we ever wanted to lead in the first place. Many of us secretly fantasize about being a greeter at Walmart or on any other platform .Being a leader isn't easy – it requires commitment for the long haul. It's not something we can just accomplish and then move on. Being a leader requires hard work, sacrifice, commitment and a willingness to grow ourselves. The leaders I admire most are the ones who give selflessly of themselves and make personal development a priority. I can not give of myself as I leader if I do not first take care of myself. Great leaders balance personal development and organizational development.Both are important and one without the other does not work. As I have observed great leaders, I find they all have some things in common. â€Å"Be a yardstick of quality. Some people aren't used to an environment where excellence is expected. † ~ Steve Jobs Excellence is an art won by training and habituation. We do not act rightly because we have virtue or excellence, but we rather have those because we have acted rightly. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act but a habit. ~ Aristotle

Thursday, January 9, 2020

The Basic Facts of Persuasive Essay Topics Sports

The Basic Facts of Persuasive Essay Topics Sports What You Should Do About Persuasive Essay Topics Sports Starting in the Next 8 Minutes Children should have the ability to use cellphones in school. Kids ought to be able to vote. Pets help to lessen stress levels. They should be allowed in school. New Ideas Into Persuasive Essay Topics Sports Never Before Revealed There's no limit to what you are able to write about sport, and there are a lot of perspectives that you might be requested to employ. The social issues linked to sports ought to be the obligation of the sports management and not players. Your choices are endless. In fact, it's called soccer just in the USA and the remainder of the world calls it football. The incredible thing about sports is there are so many. It is possible to be subjective about sports generally or specify on a specific sport. Choose a sport and argue that it's the ideal sport. Persuasive Essay Topics Sports Help! The thesis will reveal the reader precisely where you stand. There are several persuasive essay topics to select from to finish your high school or college assignment. Some students might find it difficult to compose an essay since they have not done it before or since they aren't aware with a specific structure. Persuasive essays are one form of essay that will be easily applied to the subject of sports. A persuasive essay ought to be thoroughly based on cold-hearted arguments, even though it might interest emotions also. Overall, you can observe that writing a persuasive essay isn't a brain surgery. Always bear in mind an ideal persuasive essay ought to be persuasive. When it has to do with sports, picking a topic can be an enjoyable undertaking or it may be a nightmare waiting to occur. On the flip side, it can become an intimidating task, especially whenever you're not sure whether your choice is good. Sure, with this kind of an enormous number of topics to pick from, picking just one may be challenging. Freedom of choice is excellent. You got a couple of ideas during the brainstorming process, so hunt to learn more about them. The matter of athletic fitness ought to be dealt which much more strictness. On the flip side, if you decide on a tough topic then your capacity to fill out the work will be much harder. The Debate Over Persuasive Essay Topics Sports If you're given an essay on the topic you can have hundreds of events to select from such as curling to polo. Although having the ability to write persuasively can look like a tricky thing for children to learn, remind them that everyone has valid opinions. The very first thing you've got to realize searching for an ideal topic is that your opinion is the thing that matters the most. Obviously, it's the topics you may have a tiny laugh about! One involves the idea of mental resources to which I have alluded in several different columns, regarding reading and mathematics together with writing. Our qualified academic experts will help you to find an ide al persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. Students are accustomed to the simple fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. You, naturally, search for other topic examples. For this reason, you've got to come across enough substantial evidence for the specific topic. When you're choosing an essay topic, it's important to select one that has a lot of information and statistics to strengthen your standpoint, nor exaggerate any info you have chosen to write about. Take notes concerning all prospective topics you'll be able to consider. You could be requested to approach a sports essay from a number of perspectives. Typically, you wouldn't have the ability to write about a whole sport in only 1 essay even when you wished to. When you have topics to pick from, it is essential that you choose one which you can write about comfortably. With our pool of writers, you will have plenty of essay topics on sports to select from. Students ought to be permitted to pray in school. School tests aren't powerful. Children should be asked to read more. They should not be allowed to play computer games. It may b e intriguing to talk about the significance of sports in student's life and handle a few of the problems that college students face in college. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, generally, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no legitimate way to provide a free college education as colleges would still have to be funded (likely through tax dollars). All students need to have a year studying abroad. Many students think that it is a waste of time.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The Mindset Of The Racist South - 879 Words

In order to understand where the mindset of the racist south, you need to have an understating of the ideas of White supremacy and what it is pulled from. The Groups that formed from the ideals of white supremacy. White Supremacy, the idea of a racial group being better than others. The idea was born when the British started expanding westward. One thing that is was a big part of white supremacy is that people were categorized. They were categorized by skin color, head shape, religion, and education. People may think that the ideas of white supremacy did not start with the birth of the US. In reality all of these ideas and ways of life were pulled from theories and facts that at that time were concrindred to be factual. What they pulled†¦show more content†¦With the laws put into place and the southern feeling that the north is not respecting them after they lost the war. The white south responce to the freed slaves and their rights was to form groups who would scare them and their white supporters. The groups that rose from the ashes of the destroyed south were know as terrorist groups. In response to the new laws the major white supremacist group that formed was the Ku Klux Klan, the KKK were the main group who cause the most pain for the freed black and their supporters. To understand why they did what they did you need to know how they started. They were formed the winter of 1865 by six retired Conferdit shoulders. They form this group in the town of Pulaski, Tennessee, when they were forming they had to decide on what to be called. This is when KKK came to be, the KKK went for the name because of the meanings of the words. Ku Klux was pulled from the greek word of kuklos that has a meaning of circle brotherhood, and klan meaning family. When they first started they were a peaceful group, what they would do is get into their white clothes and walk the street at night and say they were the ghosts of dead confederate soldiers. Thats is why their uniform is the way that it is. There was more than one way to tell if a white southerner was in the KKK. Along with the uniforms they had they also used secret handshakes. All of the main members were past confident